Investment and speculation are two terms which are closely related. Both involve purchase of assets like shares and securities. Traditionally, investm....
An investor has various alternative avenues of investment for his savings to flow to. Savings kept as cash are barren and do not earn anything. Hence,....
All investments are characterized by certain features. Let us analyse these characteristic features of investment.....
Investment is the employment of funds on assets with the aim of earning income or capital appreciation Investment has two attributes namely time and r....
The Structure of the scheme and entities involved are as follows:....
The main advantage to the employees is that the pension fund investment is market-linked. They can make excellent returns on the investments through p....
There are several reasons for the popularity of Retirement Plans in India, these are as follows:-....
According to the Supreme Court of India (1982), “Pension is a term applied to periodic money payments to a person, who retires at a certain age, con....
Borrowers, be it an individual or a corporate entity are rated for their creditworthiness. And why not, the banks themselves are now entering the capi....
Moody’s Investor Services and Standard and Poor (S&P) of the USA....
Credit ratings are in use in the financial markets of most developed economies and several emerging market economies as well.....
Long-Term Rating Scale: All Bonds, NCDs, and other debt instruments (excluding Public Deposits) with original maturity exceeding one year.....
Rating symbols are used in terms of alphabets.....
The rating methodology is a detailed analysis of all the factors affecting the creditworthiness of an issuer company. The important factors are busine....
The rating process is designed to ensure that all ratings are based on the highest standards of independence and analytical rigour. From the initial m....
The Indian credit rating agency has evolved over a period of time. Indian credit rating agencies include mainly CRISIL, ICRA, CARE, FITCH and Brickwor....
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (Credit Rating Agencies) Regulations, 1999 empower SEBI to regulate CRAs operating in India. In fact, SEBI ....
The beneficiaries of Credit rating are investors, companies and intermediaries benefited in the following ways:-....