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Pricing Decisions-Application Of Marginal Costing

   Posted On :  03.05.2018 07:10 am

Marginal costing techniques help a firm to decide about the prices of various products in a fairly easy manner. Let’s examine the following cases:

Pricing Decisions
 
 
Marginal costing techniques help a firm to decide about the prices of various products in a fairly easy manner. Let’s examine the following cases:
 
 
 

(I)  Fixation of Selling Price 

Illustration 12:


P/V Ratio Is 60% and the marginal cost of the product is Rs.50. What will be the selling price?

(ii)  Reducing Selling Price 

Illustration 13:

 
The Price Structure Of A Cycle Made By The Visu Cycle Co. Ltd. Is


This is based on the manufacture of one lakh cycles per annum. The company expects that due to competition they will have to reduce selling prices, but they want to keep the total profits intact. What level of production will have to be reached, i.e., how many cycles will have to be made to get the same amount of profits, if:
(a)   the selling price is reduced by 10%?
 
(b)   the selling price is reduced by 20%?
 

Solution:

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Rs.)

 

(Rs.)

Existing profit

=

1,00,000 x 50

=

50,00,000

Total fixed overheads

=

1,00,000 x 50

=

50,00,000

 
(a)    Selling price is reduced by 10% and to get the existing profit of rs.50 lakhs.

New Selling Price

=

200

– 10% Of Rs.200

 

=

200

– 20 =Rs.180

New Contribution

=

180

– 100 =Rs.80 Per Unit

Total Sales (Units)

=

F + P/Contribution Per Unit

 

 

5,00,000 + 5,00,000

 

=

---------------------------

 

 

 

80

 

=

1,25,000 Cycles

 
Are to be obtained and sold to earn the existing profit of rs.5,00,000.
 
(b) Selling price reduced by 20% and to get the existing profit of rs.5,00,000.
 

New Selling Price

=

200

– 20% Of Rs.200

 

=

200

– 40 = Rs.160

New Contribution

=

S – V

 

=

160

– 100 = Rs.80 Per Unit

Total Sales (Units)

=

F + P/Contribution Per Unit

 

 

5,00,000 + 5,00,000

 
                                        =               ------------------------------------------
 
                                                               60
 
                                        =                    1,66,667 cycles are to be produced
 
and sold to earn the existing profit of rs.50 Lakhs.

 

(iii)  Pricing During Recession: 

Illustration 14:

 
SSA company is working well below normal capacity due to recession. The directors of the company have been approached with an enquiry for special job. The costing department estimated the following in respect of the job.
 
Direct Materials                                                                  Rs.10,000
 
Direct Labour 500 Hours @                                                 Rs.2 Per Hour
 
Overhead Costs: Normal Recovery Rates
 
Variable                                                                              Re.0.50 Per Hour
 
Fixed                                                                                  Re.1.00 Per Hour
 
The directors ask you to advise them on the minimum price to be charged.
 
Assume that there are no production difficulties regarding the job.
 
Commentary:

Here the minimum price to be quoted is Rs.11,250 which is the marginal cost. By quoting so, the company is sacrificing the recovery of the profit and the fixed-costs. The fixed costs will continue to be incurred even if the company does not accept the offer. So any price above Rs.11,250 is welcome.


Tags : Accounting For Managers - Management Accounting-Marginal Costing
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